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Version: 9.x

Quickstart

tip

We highly encourage you to check out the Example Apps to get a feel of tRPC and getting up & running as seamless as possible.

Installation​

⚠️ Requirements: tRPC requires TypeScript > 4.1 as it relies on Template Literal Types.

npm install @trpc/server

For implementing tRPC endpoints and routers. Install in your server codebase.

npm install @trpc/client @trpc/server

For making typesafe API calls from your client. Install in your client codebase (@trpc/server is a peer dependency of @trpc/client).

npm install @trpc/react react-query@3

For generating a powerful set of React hooks for querying your tRPC API. Powered by react-query.

npm install @trpc/next

A set of utilities for integrating tRPC with Next.js.

Installation Snippets​

npm:

bash
npm install @trpc/server @trpc/client @trpc/react react-query@3 @trpc/next
bash
npm install @trpc/server @trpc/client @trpc/react react-query@3 @trpc/next

yarn:

bash
yarn add @trpc/server @trpc/client @trpc/react react-query@3 @trpc/next
bash
yarn add @trpc/server @trpc/client @trpc/react react-query@3 @trpc/next

Defining a router​

Let's walk through the steps of building a typesafe API with tRPC. To start, this API will only contain two endpoints:

ts
getUser(id: string) => { id: string; name: string; }
createUser(data: {name:string}) => { id: string; name: string; }
ts
getUser(id: string) => { id: string; name: string; }
createUser(data: {name:string}) => { id: string; name: string; }

Create a router instance​

First we define a router somewhere in our server codebase:

server.ts
ts
import * as trpc from '@trpc/server';
const appRouter = trpc.router();
// only export *type signature* of router!
// to avoid accidentally importing your API
// into client-side code
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
server.ts
ts
import * as trpc from '@trpc/server';
const appRouter = trpc.router();
// only export *type signature* of router!
// to avoid accidentally importing your API
// into client-side code
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

Add a query endpoint​

Use the .query() method to add a query endpoint to the router. Arguments:

.query(name: string, params: QueryParams)

  • name: string: The name of this endpoint
  • params.input: Optional. This should be a function that validates/casts the input of this endpoint and either returns a strongly typed value (if valid) or throws an error (if invalid). Alternatively you can pass a Zod, Superstruct or Yup schema.
  • params.resolve: This is the actual implementation of the endpoint. It's a function with a single req argument. The validated input is passed into req.input and the context is in req.ctx (more about context later!)
server.ts
ts
import * as trpc from '@trpc/server';
const appRouter = trpc.router().query('getUser', {
  input: (val: unknown) => {
    if (typeof val === 'string') return val;
    throw new Error(`Invalid input: ${typeof val}`);
  },
  async resolve(req) {
    req.input; // string
    return { id: req.input, name: 'Bilbo' };
  },
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
server.ts
ts
import * as trpc from '@trpc/server';
const appRouter = trpc.router().query('getUser', {
  input: (val: unknown) => {
    if (typeof val === 'string') return val;
    throw new Error(`Invalid input: ${typeof val}`);
  },
  async resolve(req) {
    req.input; // string
    return { id: req.input, name: 'Bilbo' };
  },
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

Add a mutation endpoint​

Similarly to GraphQL, tRPC makes a distinction between query and mutation endpoints. Let's add a createUser mutation:

ts
createUser(payload: {name: string}) => {id: string; name: string};
ts
createUser(payload: {name: string}) => {id: string; name: string};
server.ts
ts
import * as trpc from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
const appRouter = trpc
  .router()
  .query('getUser', {
    input: (val: unknown) => {
      if (typeof val === 'string') return val;
      throw new Error(`Invalid input: ${typeof val}`);
    },
    async resolve(req) {
      req.input; // string
      return { id: req.input, name: 'Bilbo' };
    },
  })
  .mutation('createUser', {
    // validate input with Zod
    input: z.object({ name: z.string().min(5) }),
    async resolve(req) {
      // use your ORM of choice
      return await UserModel.create({
        data: req.input,
      });
    },
  });
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
server.ts
ts
import * as trpc from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
const appRouter = trpc
  .router()
  .query('getUser', {
    input: (val: unknown) => {
      if (typeof val === 'string') return val;
      throw new Error(`Invalid input: ${typeof val}`);
    },
    async resolve(req) {
      req.input; // string
      return { id: req.input, name: 'Bilbo' };
    },
  })
  .mutation('createUser', {
    // validate input with Zod
    input: z.object({ name: z.string().min(5) }),
    async resolve(req) {
      // use your ORM of choice
      return await UserModel.create({
        data: req.input,
      });
    },
  });
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

Next steps​

tRPC includes more sophisticated client-side tooling designed for React projects generally and Next.js specifically. Read the appropriate guide next: